Fluid velocity at an oriface?


orifice restriction flow in pipe measurement of flow rate. commonly thin flat plate round hole in center. fluid velocity exiting sharp edge orifice faster velocity in pipe , velocity difference create pressure difference in fluid can measured. velocity bit faster ratio of round orifice , round pipe areas because of further reduction of flow area called vena contracta. necking down of effective flow area due momentum effects of part of fluid changes direction passing through opening. "vena contracta" @ fastest velocity commonly 1/2 pipeline diameter downstream of orifice. 1 pressure tap placed @ location , other placed 1 diameter upstream. farther downstream of orifice fluid velocity returns same upstream velocity. best accuracy orifice located in straight section of pipe downstream elbows , other fittings.
believe engineering tool box website have more detailed information diagrams , formulas. mentions vena contracta, shows other pressure tap arrangements in specialty orfiice plate (holding) flanges common.
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/flow-m...
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/orific...
vast wikipedia web site describe flow metering orifices.



Science & Mathematics Engineering Next



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