What muscle group is responsible for allowing a bird to flap?

birds have 2 groups of flight muscles, pectoral muscles , supracoracoideus. pectoral muscle found in tetrapods. including example, frogs. pectoral muscle controls downstroke. supracoracoideus used in upstroke. experiments have shown if supracoracoideus muslce disabled severing tendon, bird cannot take off ground, can still fly if can take off high perch. since ancient birds such archaeopteryx still had wing claws allow them climb, doubtful had supracoracoideus muscle. muscle may have originated in ornithurine birds, ancestor of living birds, absent in extinct enantiornithine or opposite birds. because ornithurine birds occupied shoreline habitats, there few places climb take off flying. therefore ability take off flying ground have been advantageous. because bats lack supracoracoideus, cannot take off directly ground, , must climb above ground before can take off.

doubtful pterosaurs had supracoracoideus, because lots of them die , buried in marine deposits. if blown water, , cannot take off sea, many of them drown in such environment.

what muscles control wing movement bird flies?

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